Sayid Abdulloh Nuri (Tajik: Сайид Абдуллоҳи Нурӣ, Perso-Arabic script: سید عبدالله نوری) (March 15, 1947 – August 9, 2006), also transliterated as Abdullah Nuri, led the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan from 1993 until he died of cancer in late 2006. During the Tajik Civil War of 1992 to 1997 he led the United Tajik Opposition. Nuri and President of TajikistanEmomali Rakhmonov ended the civil war by signing the Tajik National Peace Accord in 1997.[1]
Nuri was born in Sangvor, Qarateghin Valley, Tajikistan. In 1974 he founded Nahzat-i Islomi, an Islamic education organization. Soviet militia arrested him in 1986 for spreading 'religious propaganda', imprisoning him until 1988.[2]
Niyazov meeting[edit]
Nuri met with Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov in Tehran, Iran on 24 January 1996. Niyazov told Nuri that a CIS summit in Moscow, Russia agreed to renew the mandate of CIS peacekeepers in Tajikistan.[3]
Islamic state[edit]
Nuri advocated making Tajikistan an Islamic state. Unlike other militant organizations, after 1997 Nuri embraced a peaceful, gradual change in Tajik laws, telling Radio Free Europe, 'Yes, creating an Islamic state is our dream and our hope. But we understand that it can be achieved only stage by stage and in accordance with the wishes of the people of Tajikistan. We want to build a state that will be within the framework of the constitution.'[4]
Nuri criticized the Tajik government's expulsion of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, a militant Uzbek Islamic organization, from Tajikistan. He offered to act as a mediator between the IMU and Central Asian governments.[5]
According to an article in The New York Times, declassified United States government documents show that in July 1996 Nuri contacted Iranian foreign intelligence officials in Taloqan, Afghanistan in an attempt to forge an alliance between the Government of Iran, Nuri's followers, and Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden to attack the United States. While Iranian officials offered to meet with Nuri and bin Laden, bin Laden, in Jalalabad, Afghanistan at the time, refused on the grounds that the security risk was too high.[6]
Murder allegations[edit]
On 12 September 2003 the website of Khovar Information Agency news reported that Nuri ordered assassination of Sobirjon Begajanov, chairman of the Jabor Rasul District of Soghd Province. Officials for Khovar said they never approved the article and police never filed charges against Nuri. Nuri said, 'I believe the name of the [Khovar] correspondent is fictitious, and he does not exist. That this material was offered by security services about me, the person who convinced 100,000 heavy military opposition groups to lay down arms. I would never [order Begajanov's murder].' IRP member Shams Sayedov called the report a 'provocation connected with the forthcoming elections.[7]
Funeral[edit]
Nuri's funeral took place in Dushanbe, Tajikistan with thousands in attendance. IRP Deputy Chairman Muhiddin Kabiri called Nuri an 'irreplaceable personality. He led his own school [of thought] in Tajikistan and in the region, which consisted of creating peace, unity, and forgiveness and forgetting [grievances]. The community of Tajikistan did not have this before -- the country had not experienced this sort of thing before. But it showed that Islam is a peace-loving and forgiving religion, and I hope that this is his legacy in Tajikistan.' Dodajon Ataullo, editor-in-chief of Charoghi Ruz newspaper, 'His death is very heavy on me, very painful for me. During his illness, I was always with him [in spirit]. I remember his face, his features, his soulful eyes. I recognize him not only as one of the biggest politicians, but [also] as one of the major personalities and most beloved figures in Tajikistan's history in the 20th century. That is how I view him.' Mahmadsaid Ubaidulloyev, Chairman of the Tajik Parliament, said, 'His personal qualities and political charisma raised his authority among the citizens of Tajikistan and the members of the Islamic Renaissance Party. The president of the republic highly values [Nuri's] role, his activities, and appreciates and calls attention to his deeds. Today we say goodbye to a famous politician, and we respect his role in establishing peace and unity in Tajikistan. We remember his great and historic part and his spiritual deeds.'[1]
References[edit]
- ^ abTajikistan: Influential Islamic politician remembered RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
- ^Profiles Conciliation Resources
- ^..and talks with Tajik opposition leader. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
- ^Central Asia: OSCE proposes Asian Summit on fundamentalism RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
- ^Uzbek militants expelled from Tajikistan Institute for War and Peace Reporting
- ^A NATION CHALLENGED: QAEDA DIPLOMACY; Bin Laden Sought Iran as an Ally, U.S. Intelligence Documents Say, NY Times 31 Dec 2001, by James Risen
- ^Tajikistan: Islamic Renaissance Party facing serious problems RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sayid_Abdulloh_Nuri&oldid=800501408'
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Nuri is a place in modern Sudan on the west side of the Nile, near the Fourth Cataract Nuri is situated about 15 km north of Sanam, and 10 km from Jebel Barkal.
More than 20 ancient pyramids belonging to Nubian kings and queens are still standing at Nuri, which served as a royal necropolis for the ancient city of Napata, the first capital of the Nubian Kingdom of Kush. It is probable that, at its apex, 80 or more pyramids stood at Nuri, marking the tombs of royals.
Map of Jebel Barkal and Nuri.
The earliest known pyramid (Nu. 1) at Nuri belongs to king Taharqa which measures 51.75 meters square by 40 or by 50 metres high.[1] The pyramid of Taharqa was situated so that when observed from Gebel Barkal at sunrise on Egyptian New Year's Day, the beginning of the annual flooding of the Nile, the sun would rise from the horizon directly over its point.[2] Dayz high capacity vest.
Tantamani, successor of Taharqa, was buried at el-Kurru, but all following Napatan kings and many of their queens and children until Nastasen (Nu. 15) (about 315 BC) were buried here, some 80 royals.[3] The pyramids at Nuri are, in general, smaller than the Egyptian ones and are today often heavily degraded (caused by both humans and nature), but often still contained substantial parts of the funerary equipment of the Kushite rulers who were buried here. During the Christian era, a church was erected here.[4] The church was built at least in part from reused pyramid stones, including several stelae originally coming from the pyramid chapels.
The pyramids were partially excavated by George Reisner in the early 20th century. In 2018, a new archaeological expedition began work at the site, directed by Pearce Paul Creasman. Updates can be found here: www.NuriPyramids.org.
The pyramids of Nuri, together with other buildings in the region around Gebel Barkal, have been placed on the UNESCO list of world cultural heritage sites since 2003.[5]
Tombs at Nuri[edit]
- See List of monarchs of Kush for more information.
The ruins of the pyramid of Taharqa; in the background (left) Gebel Barkal
View of the pyramids
A man walks among the pyramids
Pyramids at the royal cemetery
The royal family of Kush was buried in the cemeteries of Nuri and el-Kurru.[6]
Jenis Burung Cinta
The pyramids of Nuri are built on two separate plateaus. The highest point in the cemetery is taken up by Taharqa's pyramid on the western plateau. The pyramids of the other kings are located on the eastern plateau. The pyramids of the royal women are placed closer to Taharqa's pyramid on the western plateau. These pyramids fall into three groups: (1) A group of pyramids is located to the south and west of Taharqa's pyramid; (2) Two parallel rows are located to the north of Taharqa's pyramid; (3) A group of very small tombs is located to the far north.
The King's Mothers were buried in the southern group, but this is not an area exclusively used for the burial of King's Mothers. Most of the King's Wives were buried in the parallel rows just north of Taharqa's tomb. The tombs to the far north were much smaller and may have been built for wives of lesser rank.[7]
The King's Mothers were buried in the southern group, but this is not an area exclusively used for the burial of King's Mothers. Most of the King's Wives were buried in the parallel rows just north of Taharqa's tomb. The tombs to the far north were much smaller and may have been built for wives of lesser rank.[7]
- Nuri 1 - King Taharqa
- Nuri 2 - King Amaniastabarqa
- Nuri 3 - King Senkamanisken
- Nuri 4 - King Siaspiqa
- Nuri 5 - King Malonaqen
- Nuri 6 - King Anlamani, son of King Senkamanisken
- Nuri 7 - King Karkamani
- Nuri 8 - King Aspelta, son of King Senkamanisken and Queen Naparaye
- Nuri 9 - King Aramatle-qo, son of Aspelta
- Nuri 10 - King Amaninatakilebte
- Nuri 11 - King Malewiebamani
- Nuri 12 - King Amanineteyerike, son of King Malewiebamani
- Nuri 13 - King Harsiotef
- Nuri 14 - King Akhraten
- Nuri 15 - King Nastasen
- Nuri 16 - King Talakhamani
- Nuri 17 - King Baskakeren, son of King Malewiebamani
- Nuri 18 - King Analmaye
- Nuri 19 - King Nasakhma
- Nuri 20 - King Atlanersa Son of Taharqa
- Nuri 21 - Possibly Takahatenamun, Queen. Wife of Taharqa
- Nuri 22 - Possibly Amanimalel, Queen. Wife of King Senkamanisken
- Nuri 23 - Masalaye, Queen? Probably wife of King Senkamanisken
- Nuri 24 - Nasalsa Queen. Daughter of Atlanersa, wife of King Senkamanisken
- Nuri 25 - Maletaral II, Queen?. Time of King Amaninatakilebte
- Nuri 26 - Amanitakaye, Queen. Daughter of Aspelta, sister-wife of Aramatle-qo, mother of Malonaqen
- Nuri 27 - Madiqen, Queen. Wife of Anlamani
- Nuri 28 - Henuttakhebi[t], Queen. Wife of Aspelta
- Nuri 29 - Pi'ankhqew-qa Queen? Possibly wife of King Siaspiqa
- Nuri 31 - Saka'aye, Queen. Probably mother of King Malewiebamani
- Nuri 32 - Akhrasan, Queen. Temp. King Malewiebamani
- Nuri 34 - Henutirdis, Queen. From the time of King Harsiotef
- Nuri 35 - Possibly Queen Abar, wife of Piye, Mother of Taharqa
- Nuri 36 - Atakhebasken Queen. Wife of Taharqa
- Nuri 38 - Akhe(qa?), Queen. Daughter of Aspelta and wife of Aramatle-qo
- Nuri 39 - Maletasen, Queen. Wife of Aramatle-qo
- Nuri 40 - Meqemale, Queen. Possibly wife of Aspelta
- Nuri 41 - Maletaral(?) I, Queen. Wife of Atlanersa
- Nuri 42 - Asata, Queen. Wife of Aspelta
- Nuri 44 - Batahaliye, Queen. Wife of Harsiotef
- Nuri 45 - Tagtal (?), Queen. Wife of King Malonaqen
- Nuri 53 - Yeturow, Queen. Sister-Wife of Atlanersa
- Nuri 55 - Atmataka, Queen. Wife of Aramatle-qo
- Nuri 56 - Possibly Sekhmakh, Queen. Wife of Nastasen
- Nuri 57 - Pi'ankh-her( ?), Queen. Wife of Aramatle-qo
- Nuri 58 - Artaha, Queen. Wife of Aspelta
- Nuri 59 - Malaqaye, Queen. Possibly a wife of King Tantamani
- Nuri 61 - Atasamale, Queen. Possibly a wife of Amanineteyerike
References[edit]
Makanan Paforid Burung Nuri Kuala Lumpur
- ^The Pyramids of Nuri
- ^Timothy Kendall; 2002; Napatan temples: A case study from Gebel Barkal. Gebel Barkal, the Mythological Nubian Origin of Egyptian kingship, and the Formation of the Napatan state; pp.67-69.
- ^Compare the list in Derek A. Welsby: The Kingdom of Kush. British Museum Press, London 1996, pp. 207-208 ISBN0-7141-0986-X
- ^Dunham, The Royal Cemeteries of Kush II, Nuri, fig. 216
- ^Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region at UNESCO.org
- ^Dows Dunham and M. F. Laming Macadam, 'Names and Relationships of the Royal Family of Napata', The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 35 (December 1949), pp. 139-149
- ^Angelika Lohwasser, 'Queenship in Kush: Status, Role and Ideology of Royal Women', Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, Vol. 38 (2001), pp. 61-76
Literature[edit]
- Dows Dunham. The Royal Cemeteries of Kush II, Nuri, Boston (Mass.): Museum of Fine Arts, 1955.
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 18°33′51.74″N31°54′58.99″E / 18.5643722°N 31.9163861°E
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuri&oldid=887022318'